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Allotropes of iron
(詳細はIron represents perhaps the best-known example for allotropy in a metal. At atmospheric pressure, there are three allotropic forms of iron: alpha iron (α) a.k.a. ferrite, gamma iron (γ) a.k.a. austenite, and delta iron (δ). At very high pressure, a fourth form exists, called epsilon iron (ε) hexaferrum. Some controversial experimental evidence exists for another high-pressure form that is stable at very high pressures and temperatures.
The phases of iron at atmospheric pressure are important because of the differences in solubility of carbon, forming different types of steel. The high-pressure phases of iron are important as models for the solid parts of planetary cores. The inner core of the Earth is generally assumed to consist essentially of a crystalline iron-nickel alloy with ε structure.〔(Lars Stixrude and R. E. Cohen, "High-Pressure Elasticity of Iron and Anisotropy of Earth's Inner Core", ''Science'' 31 March 1995: Vol. 267. no. 5206, pp. 1972–1975 ) 〕〔(BBC News, "What is at the centre of the Earth? )〕 The outer core surrounding the solid inner core is believed to be composed of liquid iron mixed with nickel and trace amounts of lighter elements.
==Standard pressure allotropes==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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